Preparando MOJI

Finding Expected Value

3000ms 524288K

Description:

Mr. Chanek opened a letter from his fellow, who is currently studying at Singanesia. Here is what it says.

Define an array $$$b$$$ ($$$0 \leq b_i < k$$$) with $$$n$$$ integers. While there exists a pair $$$(i, j)$$$ such that $$$b_i \ne b_j$$$, do the following operation:

  • Randomly pick a number $$$i$$$ satisfying $$$0 \leq i < n$$$. Note that each number $$$i$$$ has a probability of $$$\frac{1}{n}$$$ to be picked.
  • Randomly Pick a number $$$j$$$ satisfying $$$0 \leq j < k$$$.
  • Change the value of $$$b_i$$$ to $$$j$$$. It is possible for $$$b_i$$$ to be changed to the same value.

Denote $$$f(b)$$$ as the expected number of operations done to $$$b$$$ until all elements of $$$b$$$ are equal.

You are given two integers $$$n$$$ and $$$k$$$, and an array $$$a$$$ ($$$-1 \leq a_i < k$$$) of $$$n$$$ integers.

For every index $$$i$$$ with $$$a_i = -1$$$, replace $$$a_i$$$ with a random number $$$j$$$ satisfying $$$0 \leq j < k$$$. Let $$$c$$$ be the number of occurrences of $$$-1$$$ in $$$a$$$. There are $$$k^c$$$ possibilites of $$$a$$$ after the replacement, each with equal probability of being the final array.

Find the expected value of $$$f(a)$$$ modulo $$$10^9 + 7$$$.

Formally, let $$$M = 10^9 + 7$$$. It can be shown that the answer can be expressed as an irreducible fraction $$$\frac{p}{q}$$$, where $$$p$$$ and $$$q$$$ are integers and $$$q \not \equiv 0 \pmod{M}$$$. Output the integer equal to $$$p \cdot q^{-1} \bmod M$$$. In other words, output such an integer $$$x$$$ that $$$0 \le x < M$$$ and $$$x \cdot q \equiv p \pmod{M}$$$.

After reading the letter, Mr. Chanek gave the task to you. Solve it for the sake of their friendship!

Input:

The first line contains two integers $$$n$$$ and $$$k$$$ ($$$2 \leq n \leq 10^5$$$, $$$2 \leq k \leq 10^9$$$).

The second line contains $$$n$$$ integers $$$a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$$$ ($$$-1 \leq a_i < k$$$).

Output:

Output an integer denoting the expected value of $$$f(a)$$$ modulo $$$10^9 + 7$$$.

Sample Input:

2 2
0 1

Sample Output:

2

Sample Input:

2 2
0 -1

Sample Output:

1

Sample Input:

3 3
0 1 1

Sample Output:

12

Sample Input:

3 3
-1 -1 -1

Sample Output:

11

Sample Input:

10 9
-1 0 -1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3

Sample Output:

652419213

Informação

Codeforces

Provedor Codeforces

Código CF1575F

Tags

math

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Datas 09/05/2023 10:17:51

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