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Hyperregular Bracket Strings

3000ms 262144K

Description:

You are given an integer $$$n$$$ and $$$k$$$ intervals. The $$$i$$$-th interval is $$$[l_i,r_i]$$$ where $$$1 \leq l_i \leq r_i \leq n$$$.

Let us call a regular bracket sequence$$$^{\dagger,\ddagger}$$$ of length $$$n$$$ hyperregular if for each $$$i$$$ such that $$$1 \leq i \leq k$$$, the substring $$$\overline{s_{l_i} s_{l_{i}+1} \ldots s_{r_i}}$$$ is also a regular bracket sequence.

Your task is to count the number of hyperregular bracket sequences. Since this number can be really large, you are only required to find it modulo $$$998\,244\,353$$$.

$$$^\dagger$$$ A bracket sequence is a string containing only the characters "(" and ")".

$$$^\ddagger$$$ A bracket sequence is called regular if one can turn it into a valid math expression by adding characters + and 1. For example, sequences (())(), (), (()(())) and the empty string are regular, while )(, ((), and (()))( are not.

Input:

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line of input contains a single integer $$$t$$$ ($$$1 \le t \le 10^5$$$) — the number of test cases. The description of test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains two integers $$$n$$$ and $$$k$$$ ($$$1 \le n \le 3 \cdot 10^5$$$, $$$0 \le k \le 3 \cdot 10^5$$$) — the length of the hyperregular bracket sequences and the number of intervals respectively.

The following $$$k$$$ lines of each test case contains two integers $$$l_i$$$ and $$$r_i$$$ ($$$1 \le l \le r \le n$$$).

It is guaranteed that the sum of $$$n$$$ across all test cases does not exceed $$$3 \cdot 10^5$$$ and the sum of $$$k$$$ across all test cases does not exceed $$$3 \cdot 10^5$$$.

Output:

For each test case, output the number of hyperregular bracket sequences modulo $$$998\,244\,353$$$.

Sample Input:

7
6 0
5 0
8 1
1 3
10 2
3 4
6 9
1000 3
100 701
200 801
300 901
28 5
1 12
3 20
11 14
4 9
18 19
4 3
1 4
1 4
1 4

Sample Output:

5
0
0
4
839415253
140
2

Note:

  • For the first testcase, the $$$5$$$ hyperregular bracket strings of length $$$6$$$ are: ((())), (()()), (())(), ()(()) and ()()().
  • For the second testcase, there are no regular bracket strings of length $$$5$$$, and consequently, there are no hyperregular bracket strings of length $$$5$$$.
  • For the third testcase, there are no hyperregular bracket strings of length $$$8$$$ for which the substring $$$[1 \ldots 3]$$$ is a regular bracket string.
  • For the fourth testcase, there $$$4$$$ hyperregular bracket strings are: ((())(())), ((())()()), ()()((())) and ()()(()())

Informação

Codeforces

Provedor Codeforces

Código CF1830C

Tags

combinatoricsgreedyhashingmathnumber theorysortings

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Datas 09/05/2023 10:39:34

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