Dual (Easy Version)

Description:

Input:

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $$$t$$$ ($$$1 \le t \le 500$$$). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line contains a single integer $$$n$$$ ($$$1 \le n \le 20$$$) — the length of the array.

The second line contains $$$n$$$ integers $$$a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$$$ ($$$-20 \le a_i \le 20$$$) — the array before performing the operations.

Output:

For each test case, output your operations in the following format.

The first line should contain an integer $$$k$$$ ($$$0 \le k \le 50$$$) — the number of operations.

The next $$$k$$$ lines represent the $$$k$$$ operations in order. Each of these $$$k$$$ lines should contain two integers $$$i$$$ and $$$j$$$ ($$$1 \leq i, j \leq n$$$) — the corresponding operation consists in adding $$$a_j$$$ to $$$a_i$$$.

After all the operations, the array $$$a_1, a_2,\dots, a_n$$$ must be non-decreasing.

Sample Input:

10
2
2 1
4
1 2 -10 3
5
2 1 1 1 1
8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5
1 2 -4 3 -10
10
11 12 13 14 15 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19
7
1 9 3 -4 -3 -2 -1
3
10 9 8
20
1 -14 2 -10 6 -5 10 -13 10 7 -14 19 -5 19 1 18 -16 -7 12 8
20
-15 -17 -13 8 14 -13 10 -4 11 -4 -16 -6 15 -4 -2 7 -9 5 -5 17

Sample Output:

1
2 1
3
4 4
4 4
3 4
4
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
0
7
3 4
3 4
5 4
5 4
5 4
5 4
5 4
15
6 1
6 1
6 1
7 2
7 2
7 2
8 3
8 3
8 3
9 4
9 4
9 4
10 5
10 5
10 5
8
3 4
3 4
2 4
2 4
2 4
2 4
1 4
1 4
3
2 1
3 1
3 1
31
14 1
18 7
13 11
15 11
6 4
5 17
19 6
19 12
10 5
11 12
1 17
15 19
16 10
14 2
16 11
20 7
7 6
9 5
3 6
6 14
17 18
18 14
12 3
17 16
8 18
13 16
9 8
14 8
16 2
11 8
12 7
31
5 12
19 13
9 1
5 17
18 19
6 16
15 8
6 9
15 14
7 10
19 7
17 20
14 4
15 20
4 3
1 8
16 12
16 15
5 6
12 10
11 15
20 3
20 19
13 14
11 14
18 10
7 3
12 17
4 7
13 2
11 13

Note:

In the first test case, by adding $$$a_1 = 2$$$ to $$$a_2$$$, we get the array $$$[2, 3]$$$ which is non-decreasing.

In the second test case, the array changes as:

• $$$[1, 2, -10, 3]$$$
• $$$[1, 2, -10, 6]$$$
• $$$[1, 2, -10, 12]$$$
• $$$[1, 2, 2, 12]$$$

In the third test case, the final array is $$$[2, 3, 3, 3, 3]$$$.